L-CYSTINE
CAS NUMBER: 56-89-3
EC NUMBER: 200-296-3
SYNONYMS: L-cystine; 56-89-3; cystine; L-Cystin; Cystine acid; L-Dicysteine; Cysteine disulfide; Oxidized L-cysteine; beta,beta'-Dithiodialanine; (H-Cys-OH)2; L-Cysteine disulfide; 3,3'-Dithiodialanine; 1-Cystine; Dicysteine; Cystine (L)-Cystin; D-Cystine; Cystine (VAN); Cystin (VAN); Alanine, 3,3'-dithiodi-Alanine, 3,3'-dithiobis-; L-(-)-Cystine; beta,beta'-Dithioalanine,L-; Gelucystine; L-alpha-Diamino-beta-dithiolactic acid; L-Alanine, 3,3'-dithiobis-; 3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid); UNII-48TCX9A1VT; (-)-Cystine; CCRIS 5822; Bis(beta-amino-beta-carboxyethyl)disulfide; (R-(R*,R*))-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid); beta,beta'-Diamino-beta,beta'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfide; EINECS 200-296-3; NSC 13203; 3,3'-Dithiobis-L-alanine; BRN 1728094; beta,beta'-Diamino-beta,beta'-dicarboxydiethyldisulfide; AI3-09064; 3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid), (R-(R*,R*))-Propanoic acid, 3,3'-dithiobis(2-amino-, (R-(R*,R*))-CHEBI:16283; LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N; (2R)-2-amino-3-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]disulfanyl}propanoic acid; Cystine, D-; Cystine, L-; 3,3'-Dithiobis; Cystine (L-Cystine); (R,R)-3,3'-dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid) DSSTox_CID_26418; DSSTox_RID_81596; DSSTox_GSID_46418; Cystein disulfide C6H12N2O4S2; 2-amino-3-(2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl)disulfanyl-propanoic acid Cystine,d; (R-(R*,R*))-3,3'-Dithiobis; [R-(R*,R*)]-3,3'-Dithiobis CAS-56-89-3; Cystine [USAN]; 349-46-2; 24645-67-8; (2R)-2-amino-3-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]disulfanyl]propanoic acid; NCGC00164531-01; 3,3'-Dithiobis (2-aminopropanoic acid); L-Cystine (JAN); b,b'-Dithiodialanine (R,R)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionicacid); L-Cystine (9CI); RAC-L-CYSTINE Cystine (USAN/INN); Bis(beta-amino-beta-carboxyethyl) disulfide; AC1Q5QNV (H-Cys-OH); Cystine, L- (8CI); bmse000035; (2R,2'R)-3,3'-disulfanediylbis(2-aminopropanoic acid); beta,beta'-Dithiobisalanine; 48TCX9A1VT; SCHEMBL102264-04-00-03155 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); KSC174M8H; L-Cystine, 99% 50gAC1L282Z; CHEMBL590540; GTPL5413; DTXSID2046418; CTK0H4683; ZINC1532673; Tox21_112162; ANW-32596; CCG-36355; L-Cystine, >=99.7% (TLC); Bis(b-amino-b-carboxyethyl) disulfide; Cystine, NIST(R) SRM(R) 143d; AKOS015898645; Tox21_112162_1; AM81644; DB00138; RP28430; RTR-032397; SB01821; Bis(b-amino-beta-carboxyethyl) disulfide; NCGC00166006-01; NCGC00166006-02; AC-11189; AJ-26798; AM002647; AM025873; AN-23569; D(+)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoate B-53177; L-Cystine, >=98% (TLC), crystalline; L-Cystine, BioUltra, >=99.5% (T); LS-59051; AB1003246; DB-052986; L-Cystine, SAJ special grade, >=99.0% L-Cystine, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%; TR-032397; b,b'-Diamino-b,b'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfid; D(+)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-Aminopropanoic acid FT-0627753; ST24025107; (R,R)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionic Acid); C00491; D03636; M06021; 064C228; 195854-EP2272972A1; 195854-EP2272973A1 95854-EP2277872A1; UNII-F1 component LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N; 3,3'-dithiobis[2-amino-[R-(R*,R*)]-Propanoate; I09-1348; 2-Amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)dithio]propanoate; L-Cystine, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R); 3,3'-dithiobis[2-amino-[R-(R*,R*)]-Propanoic acid Cystine, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard; Z2786051647; 2-amino-3-(2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl)disulfanyl-propanoate; 2-Amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)dithio]propanoic acid; DD82F461-3F8F-4624-9E2C-0272A9FA79ED UNII-06681CV9GH component LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N; UNII-16FQV4RZKL component LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N; UNII-3L4WX7B1EI component LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N; UNII-PS9357B4XH component LEVWYRKDKASIDU- IMJSIDKUSA-N; UNII-SZB83O1W42 component LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N UNII-U2UT4677KR component LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N; Cystine, United States; Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard; (2R)-2-amino-3-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl]disulfanyl]propanoic acid; (R,R)-3,3 inverted exclamation marka-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionicacid); L-Cystine, pharmaceutical secondary standard; traceable to USP and PhEur; L-Cystine, produced by Wacker Chemie; AG, Burghausen, Germany, >=98.5%; (2R)-2-amino-3-[[(2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl]disulfanyl]propanoic acid; L-Cystine, from non-animal source, meets EP testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, 98.5-101.0% L-Cystine, PharmaGrade, Ajinomoto, EP, Manufactured under appropriate GMP; controls for pharma or biopharmaceutical production, suitable for cell culture; L-Cystine, PharmaGrade, EP, Manufactured under appropriate GMP; controls for pharma or biopharmaceutical production., suitable for cell culture; Copper Cystinate; Cystine; L Cystine; L-Cystine; 48TCX9A1VT; C([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)SSC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N; C(C(C(=O)O)N)SSCC(C(=O)O)N; LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N; InChI=1S/C6H12N2O4S2/c7-3(5(9)10)1-13-14-2-4(8) 6(11)12/h3-4H,1-2,7-8H2,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/t3-,4-/m0/s1; (2R)-2-amino-3- [[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]disulfanyl]propanoic acid; L-cysteine (1->1')-disulfide with L-cysteine; H-Cys(1)-OH.H-Cys(1)-OH; PEPTIDE1{C}|PEPTIDE2 {C}$PEPTIDE1,PEPTIDE2,1:R3-1:R3$$$; L-cysteine (1->1')-disulfide with L-cysteine; (R,R)-3,3′-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionicacid); LSİSTİN; lsistin; Lsystin; sistine; sistin; listin; lististin;≥98% (TLC), crystalline; (R,R)-3,3′-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionicacid); [-SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H]2; MFCD00064228; LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N; ≥98% (TLC); crystalline; ≥99.7% (TLC); 56-89-3; LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N; L-Cystine for biochemistry; CAS 56-89-3; molar mass 240.30 g/mol; 60997; L-Cystine [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; (-)-Cystine; 2R,2'R)-3,3'-Disulfanediylbis(2-aminopropansäure); 213-094-5 [EINECS]; 56-89-3 [RN]; Acide (2R,2'R)-3,3'-disulfanediylbis(2-aminopropanoïque); cistina [Spanish] [INN]; cystine [INN] [ACD/IUPAC Name] [USAN]; cystine [French] [INN] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; Cystine (L)-; CYSTINE, L-; Cystine, L- (8CI); cystinum [Latin] [INN]; L-(-)-Cystine; L-Cystin [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; L-Cystine [French] [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; L-Cystine (9CI); L-Dicysteine; oxidized L-cysteine; цистин [Russian] [INN]; سيستين [Arabic] [INN]; 胱氨酸 [Chinese] [INN]; 2-amino-3-(2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl)disulfanyl-propanoate; 2-Amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)dithio]propanoate; 2-Amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)dithio]propanoic acid; 3,3'-dithiobis[2-amino-[R-(R*,R*)]-Propanoate; 3,3'-dithiobis[2-amino-[R-(R*,R*)]-Propanoic acid; b,b'-Diamino-b,b'-Dicarboxydiethyl Disulfide; Bis(b-amino-b-carboxyethyl) Disulfide; Bis(b-amino-β-carboxyethyl) disulfide; D(+)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoate; D(+)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid; β,β'-Dithiobisalanine; (-)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionic acid); (-)-cystine|cystine|L-dicysteine; (+)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionic acid); (2R)-2-amino-3-[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl]disulfanyl-propanoic acid; (2R)-2-amino-3-[(2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-keto-propyl]disulfanyl-propionic acid; (2R)-2-amino-3-[(2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl]disulfanylpropanoic acid; (2R)-2-amino-3-[(2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-oxo-propyl]disulfanyl-propanoic acid; (2R)-2-amino-3-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]disulfanyl]propanoic acid; (2R)-2-amino-3-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl]disulfanyl]propanoic acid; (2R)-2-amino-3-[[(2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-oxo-propyl]disulfanyl]propanoic acid; (2R)-2-amino-3-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]disulfanyl}propanoic acid; (2R)-2-azaniumyl-3-[[(2R)-2-azaniumyl-2-carboxylatoethyl]disulfanyl]propanoate; (2R,2'R)-3,3'-disulfanediylbis(2-aminopropanoic acid); (2R,2'R)-3,3'-disulfanediylbis(2-aminopropanoic acid); L-cystine; (2R,2'R)-3,3'-dithiobis(2-ammoniopropanoate); 2S)-2-amino-3-[(2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-keto-propyl]disulfanyl-propionic acid; (2S)-2-amino-3-[(2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl]disulfanylpropanoic acid; (2S)-2-amino-3-[(2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-oxo-propyl]disulfanyl-propanoic acid2S,2'S)-3,3'-disulfanediylbis(2-aminopropanoic acid); (2S,2'S)-3,3'-dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid); (cystine)âˆ'H-Cys-OH)2; (H-Cys-OH)2 (Disulfide bond); (R-(R*,R*))-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid); (R,R)-3,3¡ä-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionicacid); R,R)-3,3'-dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid); (R,R)-3,3'-dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid); L-α-Diamino-β-dithiolactic acid; L-Dicysteine; ??,??'-dithiodialanine; (R,R)-3,3'-dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid); L-α-Diamino-β-dithiolactic acid; L-Dicysteine; β,β'-dithiodialanine; (R,R)-3,3'-dithiobis(2-aminopropionic acid); (R,R)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionicacid); (S,S)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionic acid); [56-89-3]; 1728093 [Beilstein]; 1728094 [Beilstein]; 1888247 [Beilstein]; 1-Cystine; 24645-67-8 [RN]; 2-amino-3-(2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl)disulfanyl-propanoic acid; 3,3'-dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid); 3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid), (R-(R*,R*))-; 3,3'-Dithiobis-L-alanine; 3,3'-Dithiodialanine; 349-46-2; 56-89-3; 48TCX9A1VT; BIS(β-AMINO-β-CARBOXYETHYL) DISULFIDE; Bis(β-amino-β-carboxyethyl)disulfide; CYSTEINE DISULFIDE; Cystine (USAN); Cystine acid; D03636; dicysteine; E921; EINECS 206-486-2; Gelucystine; H-(Cys)2-OH; H-(Cys)2-OH, (-)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionic acid); H-(Cys)2-OH; (-)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionic acid); H-D-(Cys)_2-OH; β,β'-dithiodialanine; L-?Cystine; L-Alanine, 3,3'-dithiobis-; L-Cysteine disulfide; L-cystine zwitterion; Lithium 2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoate [ACD/IUPAC Name]; L-α-Diamino-β-dithiolactic acid; MFCD00002610 [MDL number]; MFCD00064228 [MDL number]; NCGC00166006-01; NCGC00166007-01; Propanoic acid, 3,3'-dithiobis(2-amino-, (R-(R*,R*))-; RAC-L-CYSTINE; UNII:48TCX9A1VT; UNII-06681CV9GH; UNII-48TCX9A1VT; α-Diamino-β-dithiolactic acid B,β'-diamino-β,β'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfide; β,β'-Diamino-β,β'-dicarboxydiethyldisulfide; β,β'-Dithioalanine, L-; β,β'-dithiodialanine; β,β'-dithiodialanine; InChI=1S/C6H12N2O4S2/c7-3(5(9)10)1-13-14-2-4(8)6(11)12/h3-4H,1-2,7-8H2,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/t3-,4-/m0/s1; N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)C(O)=O; (2R,2'R)-3,3'-disulfanediylbis(2-aminopropanoic acid); L-cystine; (R,R)-3,3'-dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid) ChEBI; (R-(R*,R*))-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)ChemIDplus; 3,3'-Dithiobis-L-alanineChemIDplus; β,β'-diamino-β,β'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfideNIST Chemistry WebBook; β,β'-dithiodialanine NIST Chemistry WebBook; bis(β-amino-β-carboxyethyl) disulfideNIST Chemistry WebBook; E921ChEBI; L-alpha-Diamino-beta-dithiolactic acid KEGG COMPOUND; L-Cystine KEGG COMPOUND; L-Dicysteine KEGG COMPOUND; oxidized L-cysteine; 4130 DrugCentral; C00001352 KNApSAcK; C00491 KEGG COMPOUND; D03636 KEGG DRUG; DB00138 DrugBank; HMDB0000192; N,N'-Diacetyl-L-cystine; 5545-17-5; N,N'-Diacetylcystine; DiNAC; NSC 203780; S-Adenosylhomocysteine; DL-Sulforaphane N-acetyl-L-cysteine; DL-Sulforaphane N-acetyl-L-cysteine; N-Acetyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine; N,N'-diacetyl-L-cystine; CAS Number 5545-17-5; N,N'-Diacetylcystine; DiNAC; nSC 203780; C10H16N2O6S2; 324.4;Purity ≥90%; Formulation A crystalline solid; OC([C@@H](NC(C)=O)CSSC[C@H](NC(C)=O)C(O)=O)=O; InChI Code InChI=1S/C10H16N2O6S2/c1-5(13)11-7(9(15)16)3-19-20-4-8(10(17)18)12-6(2)14/h7-8H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H,11,13)(H,12,14)(H,15,16)(H,17,18)/t7-,8-/m0/s1; YTPQSLLEROSACP-YUMQZZPRSA-N; N,N'-Di-Cbz-L-cystine; (Z-Cys-OH)2; B20340; Cysteine, L-; β-Mercaptoalanine; Cystein; Cysteine; Half-cystine; L-(+)-Cysteine; L-Alanine, 3-mercapto-; NSC-8746; Propanoic Acid, 2-amino-3-mercapto-, (R)-; Thioserine; (R)-2-Amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid; α-Amino-β-thiolpropionic acid; (R)-Cysteine; 2-Amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid; L-Cys; L-Cystine; NPHN;NPHS1; Cystin; CYS)2; Nephrin; h-(cys); l-cystin; 1-cystine; L-CYSTINE; NSC 13203; CBNumber:CB6394079; Molecular Formula:C6H12N2O4S2; Formula Weight:240.3; L-Cysteine extrapure CHR, 99%; 29309040; L - Cystine, Free base; ≥98,5 %, for biochemistry; 3,3'-Dithio-bis-(2-amino propionic acid); Amino Acids; Benzoic Acid; Cysteine; L-Cystine; 2,2-Dimethylcysteine; 2-Methylcysteine; Toluene; l-Cystine; β,β'-Diamino-β,β'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfide; β,β'-Dithiodialanine; Alanine, 3,3'-dithiobis-; Alanine, 3,3'-dithiodi-; Bis(β-amino-β-carboxyethyl) disulfide; Cysteine disulfide; Cystin; Cystine acid; Cystine, L-; Dicysteine; Oxidized L-cysteine; Propanoic acid, 3,3'-dithiobis(2-amino-, (R-(R*,R*))-; 3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid); 3,3'-Dithiodialanine; β,β'-Dithiobisalanine; 3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionic acid); L-3,3'-dithiodialanine; (R-(R*,R*))-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid); (-)-Cystine; L-Alanine, 3,3'-dithiobis-; L-Cysteine disulfide; L-Cystin; NSC 13203; C(C(C(=O)[O-])[N+])SSCC(C([O-])=O)[N+]; InChI=1S/C6H12N2O4S2/c7-3(5(9)10)1-13-14-2-4(8)6(11)12/h3-4H,1-2,7-8H2,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/t3-,4-/m0/s1; InChIKey=LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N; Dicysteine, 3,3'-Dithiobis (2-aminopropanoic acid); Cystein disulfide; dicysteine; β, β'-dithiodialanine; Cystine, L-[1, 2, 1', 2'-14C]-, 10 µCi (370kBq); sistin; sistein; cystin; cyctin; sistine; SISTINE; CYSTINE; LCYSTINE; SİSTİN; SISTIN; LSISTIN; cystine; lcystine; lcystıne; lsisitine; lsistin; lsıstıne; lsıstın; lisistin; lesistin; LESİSTİN; LESISTINE; LISISTIN
Lsistin, L-sistin, ksantin'in oksidasyonu ile oluşturulan, kovalent olarak bağlı bir dimerik esansiyel olmayan amino asittir. İki molekül sistein bir disülfid köprüsü ile birleştirilerek sistin oluşturulur. Sistin, 20 amino asitten biri olarak düşünülmese de, sistein amino asit tiol yan zincirlerinin oksidasyonundan elde edilen kükürt içeren bir türevtir. Ketonların enantioseçici indirgemeleri için etkin bir yardımcı olan N, N'-dibenzoil-L-sistin'in hazırlanması.
L-Sistin, proteinlerin enzimatik veya asit hidroliziyle üretilen, esansiyel olmayan amino asitlerden biri olan bir sülfür içeren amino asittir; Sistine kolayca oksitlenir ve bazen idrarda bulunur. L-Sistine, kültür ortamındaki bazı habis hücre çizgileri tarafından gereklidir. Bazı mikro organizmalar için büyüme şartıdır.
Sistin (C6H12N2O4S2), sistein dimeridir. Bir disülfit köprüsü (-S-S-) üreten iki sistein tiol grubunun (-SH) oksidasyonu ile oluşur. Sistin, suda az çözünen beyaz bir kristalimsi katıdır. Sistin özellikle iskelet ve bağ dokusunda, saç, boynuz ve yün bakımından bol miktarda bulunur.
L-Sistin, serbest baz, bir disülfid bağlı L-sistein formundaki bir amino asittir, [R- (R *, R *)] - 3,3-Ditiyobis [2-Aminopropanoik Asit.
Sistin, kristalimsi, sülfür içeren bir amino asit olup, amino asit sisteininin iki molekülünden oluşur. Sistin indirgeme ile sisteine dönüştürülebilir (bu durumda hidrojen ilavesi). 1810'da keşfedilen sistin, hayvan boynuzundan izole edildiği 1899 yılına kadar proteinlerin bir parçası olarak tanınmadı. Sistin özellikle iskelet ve bağ dokusunda, saç, boynuz ve yün bakımından bol miktarda bulunur.
L-sistin (formül: (SCH2CH (NH2) C02H) 2), sistinin L-formu), sisteinin oksidasyonu ile oluşturulan kovalent bağlı bir dimerik gereksiz amino asittir. L-sistin, yumurta, et, süt ürünleri ve tahıl ve tüyler gibi birçok gıdada bulunur. L-sistin ve L-metionin, yara iyileşmesi ve epitel dokusu oluşumu için gereken amino asitlerdir. Hematopoietik sistemi uyarabilir ve beyaz ve kırmızı kan hücrelerinin oluşumunu teşvik edebilir. L-sistin aynı zamanda ebeveyn ve enteral beslenme bileşenleri olarak da kullanılabilir. L-sistin dermatit tedavisinde ve karaciğer fonksiyonlarının korunmasında da kullanılabilir. L-sistin, DL-amino tiyazolin karboksilik asitten enzimatik dönüştürme yoluyla üretilir.
Stok çözeltisi hazırlamak için L-Sistin kullanılmış ve bu stok çözeltisi spektroflorimetrik akış enjeksiyon yöntemi kullanılarak farmasötik preparatlarda ve idrar örneklerinde L-sistein ve L-sistin tayininde kullanılmıştır.
Bir antioksidan olarak işlev görür ve dokuları radyasyona ve kirliliğe karşı korur, yaşlanmayı yavaşlatır. Aynı zamanda protein sentezine yardımcı olur. Sistin iskelet dokularının ve deri proteinlerinin çoğunda bol bulunur ve insülin ve sindirim enzimlerinde kromotripsinogen A, papain ve tripsinogen bulunur. Sistin, oksidize dimerik bir sistein formudur. İki sistein artıklarını -SH grupları arasında bir disülfid bağı (cys-S-S-cys) vasıtasıyla bağlayarak oluşturulur. Sistin, bağışıklık sisteminin hücrelerinde, iskelet ve bağ dokularında, ciltte, sindirim enzimlerinde ve kıllarda yüksek konsantrasyonlarda bulunur. Saç ve cilt% 10-14 sistin. Sistin, makrofajlar ve astrositler de dahil olmak üzere bağışıklık fonksiyonunda yer alan hücrelerde glutatyon sentezi için sisteinin tercih edilen şeklidir. Lenfositler ve nöronlar glutatyon üretimi için sisteini tercih eder. Makrofajlar ve astrositlerdeki sistin ile glutatiyon düzeylerini optimize etmek, bu hücrelerin, talep üzerine lenfositlere ve nöronlara doğrudan sistein vermesine izin verir.
Tanım: beyaz veya neredeyse beyaz, kristal toz, suda ve alkolde hemen hemen çözünmez. alkali hidroksitlerin seyreltik solüsyonlarında erir.
L-Sistin, bir çift L-Sistein molekülünün oksidasyon yoluyla bir disülfid bağı ile birleştirildiği zaman oluşan amino asit dimeridir. L-Sistein, doğal amino asitlerden 20'sinden biridir ve metionin yanında sülfür içeren tek amino asittir. WACKER, hayvansal olmayan ve olmayan insan hammaddelerinden fermantasyon yoluyla L-Sistin için yeni bir üretim yöntemi geliştirdi.
Sistin, hücreleri oksidatif stresden koruyan glutatyonun sentezi için gereklidir. Spesifik bir x (c) -sistein / glutamat antiporterı, glutamat karşılığında sisteinin hücresel alımına aracılık eder. Sistein alımının inhibisyonu, nöronal hücrelerde toksisiteye neden olur.
Fiziksel tanım
DryPowder
Erime noktası
260.5 ° C
Su çözünürlüğü
190 mg / L (20 ° C'de)
Hareket mekanizması
Belirli koşullar, ör. bir asetaminofen doz aşımı, hepatik glutatyonu tüketir ve dokuları oksidatif strese tabi tutarak hücresel bütünlüğünü kaybeder. L-Sistin, glutatyonun sentezi için önemli bir öncü olarak görev yapmaktadır.
Farmakoloji
L-Sistin, sisteinin oksidasyonu ile oluşturulan, kovalent olarak bağlanmış, dimerik olmayan bir amino asittir. İki molekül sistein bir disülfid köprüsü ile birleştirilerek sistin oluşturulur. Sistin, doğal olarak idrarda birikim olarak ortaya çıkan ve böbrekte biriktiğinde bir taş (sert mineral oluşumu) oluşturabilen bir kimyasal maddedir. Bileşik, bir disülfid (S-S) bağıyla bağlanmış iki sistein molekülü olduğunda üretildi. Uygun vitamin B6 kullanımı için sistin gereklidir ve yanıkların ve yaraların iyileşmesinde, bronşit gibi hastalıklarda mukus tortularının ve kistik fibrozun parçalanmasında yardımcı olur. Sistein ayrıca şekerlerin ve nişastaların asimilasyonu için gerekli olan pankreasa insülin tedarikinde yardımcı olur. Akciğerler, karaciğer, böbrekler ve kemik iliğindeki glutatyon seviyesini arttırır ve bu yaşlanma noktalarını azaltarak vücuda anti-aging etki yapabilir.
Sistin, 20 amino asitten biri olarak düşünülmese de, sistein amino asit tiol yan zincirlerinin oksidasyonundan elde edilen kükürt içeren bir türevtir. Bir antioksidan olarak işlev görür ve dokuları radyasyona ve kirliliğe karşı korur, yaşlanmayı yavaşlatır. Aynı zamanda protein sentezine yardımcı olur. Sistin iskelet dokularının ve deri proteinlerinin çoğunda bol bulunur ve insülin ve sindirim enzimlerinde kromotripsinogen A, papain ve tripsinogen bulunur.
TOKSİSİTE
Günlük 1 ila 1.5 gramlık tipik dozlarda, en sık bildirilen yan etkiler bulantı gibi gastrointestinal olmuştur. Sistin böbrek taşı oluşumu ile ilgili ender raporlar var, 4 günlük yaştaki yavrulara L-sistein (0.6-1.5 g / kg) tekli enjeksiyonlar, kortikal nöronlara, kalıcı retinal distrofi, beyindeki atrofi ve hiperaktivitede büyük hasara neden olmuştur.
Lsistine, L-cystine is a covalently linked dimeric nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of CYSTEINE. Two molecules of cysteine are joined together by a disulfide bridge to form cystine. Not considered one of the 20 amino acids, Cystine is a sulfur-containing derivative obtained from oxidation of cysteine amino acid thiol side chains. Preparation of N,N′-dibenzoyl-L-cystine, an efficient auxiliary for enantioselective reductions of ketones.
L-Cystine is a sulfur-containing amino acid, one of the nonessential amino acids, produced by enzymatic or acid hydrolysis of proteins; it is readily oxidized to cystine and is sometimes found in urine. L-Cystine is required by certain malignant cell lines in the culture medium. It is a growth requirement for certain micro-organisms.
Cystine (C6H12N2O4S2) is a dimer of cysteine. It is formed by the oxidation of the thiol groups (-SH) of two cysteines generating a disulphide bridge (-S-S-). Cystine is a white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water. Cystine is particularly abundant in skeletal and connective tissues and in hair, horn, and wool.
L-Cystine, free base is an amino acid in the form of a disulfide-linked L-cysteine, [R-(R*,R*)]-3,3-Dithiobis[2-Aminopropanoic Acid.
Cystine, a crystalline, sulfur-containing amino acid that is formed from two molecules of the amino acid cysteine. Cystine can be converted to cysteine by reduction (in this case, the addition of hydrogen). Discovered in 1810, cystine was not recognized as a component of proteins until 1899, when it was isolated from animal horn. Cystine is particularly abundant in skeletal and connective tissues and in hair, horn, and wool.
L-cystine (formula: (SCH2CH(NH2) CO2H)2), the L-form of cystine) is a covalently linked dimeric nonessential amino acid formed through the oxidation of cysteine. L-cystine is contained in many foods including eggs, meat, dairy products, and whole grains as well as in skin and hairs. L-cystine and L-methionine are the amino-acids required for wound healing and formation of epithelial tissue. It is able to stimulate the hematopoietic system and promote the formation of white and red blood cells. L-cystine can also be used as a component of parental and enteral nutrition. L-cystine can also be used for the treatment of dermatitis and protection of liver function. L-cystine is manufactured through the enzymatic conversion from DL-amino thiazoline carboxylic acid.
L-Cystine has been used to prepare stock solution which in turn is utilized for determining the L-cysteine and L-cystine in pharmaceutical preparations as well as in urine samples by using spectrofluorimetric flow injection method.
It functions as an antioxidant and protects tissues against radiation and pollution, slowing the aging process. It also aids protein synthesis. Cystine is abundant in many proteins of skeletal tissues and skin, and found in insulin and digestive enzymes chromotrypsinogen A, papain, and trypsinogen. Cystine is an oxidized dimeric form of cysteine. It is formed by linking two cysteine residues via a disulfide bond (cys-S-S-cys) between the -SH groups. Cystine is found in high concentrations in the cells of the immune system, skeletal and connective tissues, skin, digestive enzymes, and in hair. Hair and skin are 10-14% cystine. Cystine is the preferred form of cysteine for the synthesis of glutathione in cells involved in the immune function including macrophages and astrocytes. Lymphocytes and neurons prefer cysteine for glutathione production. Optimizing glutathione levels in macrophages and astrocytes with cystine allows these cells to provide cysteine to lymphocytes and neurons directly upon demand.
Description: a white or almost white, crystalline powder, practically insoluble in water and alcohol. it dissolves in dilute solutions of alkali hydroxides.
L-Cystine is the amino acid dimer formed when of a pair of L-Cysteine molecules are joined by a disulfide bond through oxidation. L-Cysteine is one of the 20 natural amino acids and, besides methionine, the only one which contains sulfur. WACKER has developed a new production method for L-Cystine via fermentation from non-animal and non-human raw materials.
Cystine is required for the synthesis of glutathione that protects the cells from oxidative stress. A specific x(c)-cysteine/glutamate antiporter mediates cellular uptake of cysteine in exchange for glutamate.Inhibition of cysteine uptake induces toxicity in neuronal cells.
Physical Description
DryPowder
Melting Point
260.5 dec °C
Water Solubility
190 mg/L (at 20 °C)
Mechanism of Action
Certain conditions, e.g. an acetaminophen overdose, deplete hepatic glutathione and subject the tissues to oxidative stress resulting in loss of cellular integrity. L-Cystine serves as a major precursor for synthesis of glutathione.
Pharmacology
L-Cystine is a covalently linked dimeric nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of cysteine. Two molecules of cysteine are joined together by a disulfide bridge to form cystine. Cystine is a chemical substance which naturally occurs as a deposit in the urine, and can form a calculus (hard mineral formation) when deposited in the kidney. The compound produced when two cysteine molecules linked by a disulfide (S-S) bond. Cystine is required for proper vitamin B6 utilization and is also helpful in the healing of burns and wounds, breaking down mucus deposits in illnesses such as bronchitis as well as cystic fibrosis. Cysteine also assists in the supply of insulin to the pancreas, which is needed for the assimilation of sugars and starches. It increases the level of glutathione in the lungs, liver, kidneys and bone marrow, and this may have an anti-aging effect on the body by reducing age-spots etc.
Not considered one of the 20 amino acids, Cystine is a sulfur-containing derivative obtained from oxidation of cysteine amino acid thiol side chains. It functions as an antioxidant and protects tissues against radiation and pollution, slowing the aging process. It also aids protein synthesis. Cystine is abundant in many proteins of skeletal tissues and skin, and found in insulin and digestive enzymes chromotrypsinogen A, papain, and trypsinogen.
TOXICITY
With typical doses of 1 to 1.5 grams daily, the most commonly reported side effects have been gastrointestinal, such as nausea. There are rare reports of cystine renal stone formation, Single injections of L-cysteine (0.6-1.5 g/kg) into 4-day-old pups resulted in massive damage to cortical neurons, permanent retinal dystrophy, atrophy of the brain and hyperactivity.
