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Benzalkoniumchlorid; Alkylbenzyldimethylammoniumchlorid; Benzyldimethylalkylammoniumchlorid; BAC; N-Alkyl-N-benzyl-N,N-dimethylammoniumchlorid; BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE (INCI)

Benzalkonium chloride

Synonym: Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride, Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride

CAS Number 63449-41-2 Linear Formula C6H5CH2N(CH3)2RCl (R=C8H17 to C18H37)  Beilstein/REAXYS Number 4062599  EC Number 264-151-6  MDL number MFCD00145757  NACRES NA.22

Benzalkonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound used in pharmaceutical formulations as an antimicrobial preservative in applications similar to other cationic surfactants. 
Solutions containing benzalkonium chloride are active against wide range of bacteria, yeasts and fungi. 
Activity is more marked against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria and minimal against bacterial endospores and acid-fast bacteria.
Benzalkonium chloride is usually non-irritating, non-sensitising and is well tolerated in the dilutions normally employed on the skin and mucous membranes. 
However benzalkonium chloride has been associated with adverse effects when used in some pharmaceutical formulations.

BAC-50 Antimicrobial contains the active substance C12-C16 Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC). 
The active is a cationic molecule offering good surfactant properties and can be formulated together with non-ionic and/or amphoteric surfactants. 
ADBAC has a broad antimicrobial efficacy against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and enveloped viruses. ADBAC maintains its efficacy across a broad pH-range. 
Single-active C12-C16 ADBAC products are  available at different active concentrations, C-chain distributions and solvent combinations.


Benzalkonium chloride appears to be the main preservative in ophthalmic preparations on the EU market. 
Approximately 74% of ophthalmic preparations have benzalkonium chloride as a preservative. 
It is used as an antimicrobial preservative in numerous medicinal products for nasal route of administration and in many preparations for inhalation use authorised on EU markets. 
Only in limited cases the medicinal products that contain benzalkonium chloride are intended for cutaneous, oral, oromucosal, rectal, vaginal, auricular, intravenous/ subcutaneous and intramuscular/intralesional/intraarticular use.
Benzalkonium chloride has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and phase transfer agent in the chemical industry. 
It is widely used in cosmetics, wet wipes, hand and surface sanitisers. Benzalkonium chloride was found to be an effective method of contraception. 
Lozenges containing benzalkonium chloride are used for the treatment of superficial infections of the mouth and throat.

Benzalkonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium antiseptic and disinfectant with actions and uses similar to those of other cationic surfactants.
It is also used as an antimicrobial preservative for pharmaceutical products.


Benzalkonium chloride is a mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides, the alkyl groups mainly having chain lengths of C12, C14 and C16.
It is presented as a white or yellowish-white powder or Benzalkonium chloride used as an excipient gelatinous, yellowish-white fragments. 
Benzalkonium chloride is hygroscopic. On heating it forms a clear molten mass 

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