Sodium bromide is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBr. It is a high-melting white, crystalline solid that resembles sodium chloride.  It is a widely used source of the bromide ion and has many applications. IUPAC name: Sodium bromide. CAS Number anhydrous: 7647-15-6 ; dihydrate: 13466-08-5. Chemical formula: NaBr. Molar mass: 102.894 g·mol−1. Appearance: White powder, hygroscopic. Density: 3.21 g/cm3 (anhydrous)

2.18 g/cm3 (dihydrate)

Melting point: 747 °C (anhydrous)

(dihydrate) decomposes

Boiling point: 1,390 °C 

Solubility in water 71.35 g/100 mL (−20 °C)

79.52 g/100 mL (0 °C)

94.32 g/100 mL (25 °C)

104.9 g/100 mL (40 °C)

116.2 g/100 mL (100 °C)

Solubility: Soluble in alcohol, liquid ammonia, pyridine, hydrazine, SO2, amine

Insoluble in acetone, acetonitrile

Solubility in methanol: 17.3 g/100 g (0 °C)

16.8 g/100 g (20 °C)

16.1 g/100 g (40 °C)

15.3 g/100 g (60 °C)[2]

Solubility in ethanol: 2.45 g/100 g (0 °C)

2.32 g/100 g (20 °C)

2.29 g/100 g (30 °C)

2.35 g/100 g (70 °C)[2]

Solubility in formic acid: 19.3 g/100 g (18 °C)

19.4 g/100 g (25 °C)[2]

Solubility in glycerol: 38.7 g/100 g (20 °C)

Solubility in dimethylformamide: 3.2 g/100 g (10.3 °C)

Vapor pressure: 1 torr (806 °C)

5 torr (903 °C)[1]

Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −41.0·10−6 cm3/mol

Thermal conductivity: 5.6 W/m·K (150 K)[4]

Refractive index (nD): 1.6428 (24 °C)

nKrF = 1.8467 (24 °C)

nHe–Ne = 1.6389 (24 °C)[5]

Viscosity: 1.42 cP (762 °C)

1.08 cP (857 °C)

0.96 cP (937 °C)

Synthesis, structure, reactions

NaBr crystallizes in the same cubic motif as NaCl, NaF and NaI. The anhydrous salt crystallizes above 50.7 °C.

Dihydrate salts (NaBr·2H2O) crystallize out of water solution below 50.7 °C.

NaBr is produced by treating sodium hydroxide with hydrogen bromide.

Sodium bromide can be used as a source of the chemical element bromine. This can be accomplished by treating an aqueous solution of NaBr with chlorine gas:

2 NaBr + Cl2 → Br2 + 2 NaCl

Applications

Sodium bromide is the most useful inorganic bromide in industry.

It is also used as a catalyst in TEMPO-mediated oxidation reactions.

Also known as Sedoneural, sodium bromide has been used as a hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and sedative in medicine, widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. 

Its action is due to the bromide ion, and for this reason potassium bromide is equally effective. 

In 1975, bromides were removed from drugs in the U.S. such as Bromo-Seltzer due to toxicity.

Preparation of other bromine compounds

Sodium bromide is widely used for the preparation of other bromides in organic synthesis and other areas.

It is a source of the bromide nucleophile to convert alkyl chlorides to more reactive alkyl bromides by the Finkelstein reaction:

NaBr + RCl → RBr + NaCl (R = alkyl)

Once a large need in photography, but now shrinking, the photosensitive salt silver bromide is prepared using NaBr.

Disinfectant

Sodium bromide is used in conjunction with chlorine as a disinfectant for hot tubs and swimming pools.

Petroleum industry

Sodium bromide is used to prepare dense fluids used in oil wells.